Feasibility investigation of three cavity clearance in treatment of perianal abscess / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of three-cavity clearance (TCC) in the treatment of perianal abscess.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study of patients with perianal abscess in our center from July 2013 to March 2015 were carried out. Clinical data of 25 patients undergoing TCC (TCC group) were analyzed. At the same time, based on matched gender, age and location of abscess, 25 patients undergoing incision and drainage (incision group) and 25 undergoing cutting seton (seton group) were enrolled. Postoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score (the first defecation,1 week later), rate of fistula formation, fecal incontinence(Wexner score) and wound healing were compared among groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One week after operation, VAS score in seton group was 6.5±1.3, which was significantly higher than 1.3±0.5 in TCC group and 1.2±0.4 in incision group(P<0.01), while there were no significant differences of VAS among groups at the first defecation(P>0.05). Time of wound healing was (45.8±19.9), (49.2±23.1) and (53.5±24.1) days in TCC, incision and seton group respectively, without significant difference(P>0.05). Rate of fistula formation was 48.0% (12/25) in incision group, which was significantly higher than 12.0% (3/25) in TCC group and 12.0%(3/25) in seton group (all P<0.01). There was no patient with faecal incontinence in TCC group and incision group, while 2 patients with fecal incontinence were found in seton group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Three-cavity clearance is feasible in treatment of perianal abscess, and can decrease the rate of fistula formation, ameliorate postoperative pain and protect anal function.</p>

Application of a novel method to collect large amount of fecal mucosa in screening colorectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the application of a novel device of collecting large amount of fecal mucosa for detecting the DNA methylation and screening colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Preoperative complete fecal sample and surgical specimen of 10 patients with colorectal cancer, and complete fecal sample and normal bowel mucosal samples confirmed by colonoscopy of 6 hospitalization cases at The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of TCM from March to April 2014 were collected. A self-made bowel mucosa collector (consisting of upper, middle, lower three containers of 1 000 ml volume, with filter screen in each bottom whose pore diameter is 100, 200 and 300 mesh.) was used to collect mucosal exfoliation cells. Fecal DNA kit was applied to extract DNA of exfoliation cells and the concentration and purity of DNA were measured by UV spectrophotometer (A260/A280), meanwhile DNA methylation of fecal fluid and mucosal tissues was detected by bisulfite sequencing pCR(BSP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DNA methylation sequencing showed that FBN1, SPG20, and SNCA genes presented methylation in CpG island in fecal fluid and cancer tissues from 10 colorectal cancer patients, but did not presented methylation in fecal fluid and mucosa from 6 control cases. When fecal amount was below 100 g, collection rate of fecal fluid was 60% to 80%; when fecal amount was over 100 g, collection rate of fecal fluid was unstable. When fecal amount was 50 to 100 g, DNA A260/A280 value was 1.6 to 1.8, and DNA concentration was 5.0 to 56.1 ng/L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Collection rate of fecal fluid with this self-made fecal mucosa collector is quite stable when managing fecal amount of 50 to 100 g once, and can obtain higher purity and concentration of DNA, meeting the demand of methylation detection for screening colorectal cancer.</p>

Oxidative stress effect of HPM on brain of rats / 军事医学

Objective To investigate the adverse effect of different doses of high power microwave(HPM) irradiation on oxidative stress in the brain of Wistar rats in order to contribute to establishing an animal model to evaluate protective agents which will be used for protection against microwave radiation.Methods Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 16 groups according to factor analysis.The average power density was 0,10,30 and 100 mW/cm2 and the sampling time was 6 h,1,3 and 7 d .The duration of exposure was 6 minutes for each radiation group.After exposure, the rats were sacrificed at each sampling time.Colorimetric method was used to measure the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and protein carbonyl, the activity of GSH-px, SOD and CAT.Results The content of MDA and protein carbonyl of each radiation group was increased with the radiation dose, but decreased with the sampling time prolonged.The activity of superoxide dismutast(SOD),glutathion peroxidase(GSH-px) and catalase(CAT) in each radiation group was decreased with the radiation dose increased, and with the sampling time prolonged, but increased later.Conclusion Microwave radiation can cause oxidative stress in rats brain, as shown by the oxidative damage of lipid and protein and the decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes.Besides, the effect also depends on the radiation dose and sampling time.

Screening and diagnostic value of the molecular markers of DNA methylation in colorectal neoplasma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the molecular markers of DNA methylation with potential diagnostic value, and to explore their methylation features in Chinese colorectal neoplasma in order to find out ones with higher diagnostic value.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue samples of colorectal cancer and normal adjacent mucosa(>10 cm distance to tumors) from 10 colorectal cancer patients undergoing operation, and tissue samples of colorectal adenoma from 10 patients undergoing endoscopic resection in our center from June to August 2013 were collected respectively. Methylation status of 8 genes, such as SNCA, MAL, INA, SPG20, FBN1, CNRIP1, TFPI2, OSMR, was detected by BSP and qMSP to screen genes with potential diagnostic valua. ROC curve was drawn to analyze its diagnostic value.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BSP measurement showed that the rate of DNA methylation of SNCA, SPG20 and FBN1 was 100% in colorectal cancer and adenoma, while no methylation was found in normal adjacent mucosa. The other 5 genes expressed in different extent in cancer, adenoma and normal adjacent mucosa. Among 10 cancer tissues and normal adjacent mucosa detected by qMSP method, positive SNCA methylation was found in 5 cases and 1 case respectively; positive SPG20 in 8 cases and 1 case respectively; positive FBN1 in 7 cases and 0 cases respectively, whose differences were significant (P=0.070, P=0.003 and P=0.007). The area under curve(AUC) of SNCA, SPG20, and FBN1 methylation for diagnosing colorectal cancer was 0.890, 0.730 and 0.880 respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SNCA, SPG20 and FBN1 are potential genes with screening value for colorectal neoplasma.</p>

Effects of military functional food NB-5 on psychological stress-induced oxidative stress / 军事医学

Objective To explore the protective effects of a new military functional food NB-5 on psychological stress-induced oxidative stress .Methods Rat whiskers were completely removed to induce the oxidative stress , and the concen-trations of MDA and protein carbonyl in various organs were detected to study the damage to membrane lipid and protein . Rats were fed with NB-5 for 4 weeks, and the oxidative stress was induced by whisker cutting .Biochemical marks men-tioned above were detected to explore the protective effects of NB-5.Results and Conclusion Lipid and protein peroxida-tion occurred in the brain , heart, liver, spleen and kidney after whisker removal due to emotional stress , while the catalase ( CAT) activity decreased significantly in these organs except the spleen .In this experiment model , NB-5 showed a good free radical scavenging activity to reduce the lipid and protein peroxidation among whisker -cutting rats fed with NB-5 in ad-vance.So NB-5 can serve as a good food for soldiers in case of emergency incidents .

Effect of electromagnetic radiation at different bands on the expressions of SOX9 and WT1 in rat Sertoli cells / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To explore the changes of SOX9 and WT1 expressions in rat Sertoli cells irradiated by EMP ( electromagnetic pulse),S-HPM ( S-band high power microwave) and X-HPM ( Xband high power microwave).Methods Primary Sertoli cells were isolated from 3-week-old Wistar rats and its purity was immunocytochemistrically indentified with WT1.After exposure to 6 × 104 V/m EMP,100 mW/cm2 S-HPM and X-HPM for 4 min respectively,SOX9 and WT1 expressions in Sertoli cells were determined with real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results SOX9 mRNA expression was decreased at 6 and 12 h post-irradiation of three different bands of electromagnetic microwave ( F =15.20and 4.84,P ＜ 0.05 ).SOX9 protein expression was also decreased at 6 and 24 h after irradiation ( F =8.46 and 7.47,P＜0.05).WT1 mRNA expression was decreased at6 and 12 h (F=13.46 and 5.08,P ＜ 0.05 ),but its protein expression was decreased only at 24 h post-irradiation ( F =10.26,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Three bands of electromagnetic radiation reduce the expressions of SOX9 and WT1 in rat Sertoli cells,which may provide molecular foundation for genital system hazards induced by microwave radiation.

Prevention effects of AduoLa Fuzhenglin on brain injury Induced by microwave radiation in rats / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To study the prevention effects of AduoLa Fuzhenglin(ADL)Oll the brain injury induced by microwave radiation in rats.Methods A total of 140 male Wismr rats were divided randomly into 5 groups,including control group,microwave exposed group,low dosage(0.75 g·kg-1·d-1)group.middle dosage(1.5 g·kg-1·d-1)group and high dosage(3 g·kg-1·d-1)group.Rats in three ADL groups were lavaged with ADL per day for 2 weeks before radiation.After administration,rats were exposed to microwave at 30 mW/cm2 for 15 min.The abilities of learning and memory were detected by Morris water maze,and the contents of amino acids neurotransmitter of hippocampus were detected by HPLC, then the histology and uhrastrncture of hippocampus were observed with light and electron microscope at 6 h,7 and 14 d after exposure.Results The abilities of learning and memory were declined(F=0.000-0.043,P<0.05)from 6 h to 7 d after exposure,and the contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter in hippocampus were decreased,of which GLU,GLY and GABA were decreased significantly(F=0.000-0.007,P<0.01)at 6h after exposure,then tissue edema,neuronal degeneration,neuron mitoehondria swelling and cavitation,endocytoplasmie rotieulum broaden,synaptic cleft blurred,and perivascular space widen were found in the hippocampus at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.The changes in low dosage group were similar to those of the radiation group.However,in middle and high dosage groups,the abilities of learning and memory were normal to some extent with the significant differences compared to the radiation group from 6 h to 7 d after exposure(F=0.015-0.028.P<0.05).The contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter were not decreased,especially GLU contents close tO normal level.There were significant differences between middle and high dosage groups and radiation group at 6 h after exposure(F=0.000-0.042,P<0.05).Moreover,no obvious injury in the hippocampus was observed in middle and high dosage groups at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.Conclusions Exposure to 30 mW/cm2 microwave radiation could decrease the abilities of learning and memory,induce amino acid neurotransmitter turbulence,and injure the histology and uhrastructure of hippocampus.ADL at the dosages of 1.5 and 3 g·kg-1·d-1 would have preventive effects on the injury induced by microwave exposure.The concentration of 1.5 g·kg-1 ·d-1 of ADL might be the effective dosage to prevent the brain damage after microwave exposure.

Therapeutic effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 and curcumin on jejunal damage in mice after neutron irradiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant human interleukin(rhIL-11) and curcumin on jejunal damage in mice after neutron irradiation.Methods 140 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:20 mice in healthy control group,60 mice in mere irradiation group,30 mice in IL-11 treatment group and 30 mice in curcumin treatment group.The mere irradiation group mice were wholly exposed to 3 Gy neutron irradiation.The treatment groups mice were intraperitoneally enterocoelia once a day for 5 d after irradiation.The mortality of the mice were observed.The mice in the control and mere irradiation groups were killed 6 h,1,3,and 6 d post-irradiation,respectively,and the mice of the 2 treatment groups were killed 3 and 6 d post-irradiation,respectively and the samples of jujunum were colleted.HE staining,argyrophilic of nucleaolar organizer regions staining,Feulgen staining,and image analysis were used to observe the pathology and levels of argyrophilic proteins and DNA.Results The mice in the mere irradiation group all died at 5 d post-irradiation,while 2 mice in the IL-11 treatment group and 3 in the curcumin group survived.Large area necrosis and exfoliation were found in the intestinal epithelial mucosa of the mere irradiated group mice since 6 h to 3 d after irradiation.Crypt cell regeneration was seen occasionally found 3 days later and much more 5 days later.Crypt cell regeneration was obviously found in the intestinal epithelial mucosa and lots of new villi were observed 5 d after irradiation in both treatment groups,however,the amounts of crypt cells and new villi of the curcumin treatment group were less than those of the IL-11 treatment group.The contents of AgNOR and DNA in the intestinal epithelial cells 5 days after irradiation of the 2 treatment groups were all significantly higher than those of the mere irradiation group (F = 0.015-0.035,all P ＜ 0.05) but without significant differences between them.Conclusions Jejunal damage in mice could be induced after 3 Gy neutron irradiation.rhIL-11 and curcumin might reduce the damage and promote the regeneration and repair of the intestinal epithelium.

JAM-1 expression and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier after microwave radiation exposure / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of JAM-1 after microwave irradiation and its correlation with blood-brain barrier integrity. Methods A total of 160 male Wistar rats were divided into a sham radiation group and a radiation group. The radiation group was subdivided into three sub-groups treated with micrewaves at average power densities of 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2. Rats in each group were sacrificed and their brain tissue sampled at 6 hours and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the irradiation. Evans blue ( EB ) dye, laser confocal microscopy,Western blotting, RT-PCR and image analysis were used to test the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the expression of JAM-1 in protein and at the gene level in the rats' hippocampus and cortex. Results There was an increase of EB in the hippocampus 3 to 14 days after 10 and 100 mW/cm2 microwave irradiation. The EB level increased progressively in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups within 7 d after irradiation but recovered by the 14th day. It also increased progressively in the 100 mW/cm2 group within 14 d after irradiation. In the hippocampus, EB was observed only in the lumens of the blood vessels in the sham group, but EB had diffused out of the blood vessels in the irradiated groups by the 3rd day after irradiation. After 10 or 30 mW/cm2 microwave irradiation, JAM-1 protein in the hippocampus and cortex decreased significantly within 7 d after irradiation but recovered by the 14th day. It decreased progressively in the 100 mW/cm2 group within 14 d after irradiation. The expression of JAM-1 mRNA in the hippocampus decreased significantly at 6 h after irradiation at all power levels, but it recovered within 7 days in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups. Conclusions Microwave radiation can decrease the expression of JAM-1 in the hippocampus and cortex. The degree of decrease is positively correlated with the microwave radiation power. The change might involve increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

Therapeutic effect of rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF on mouse bone marrow injury induced by neutron irradiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF on mouse bone marrow injury induced by neutron irradiation.Methods 130 male BALB/c mice were irradiated by 3.0 Gy neutron and mice peripheral blood cells,bone marrow pathological changes,bone marrow nucleated cell counts,AgNOR content,apoptosis and necrosis rates and Bax protein content were observed by means of blood cells automatic analyzer,HE staining,AgNOR staining,flow cytometry,immunohistochemistry staining and image analysis.Results In the irradiation group and the rhIL-11 group,the mice peripheral blood white blood cells,bone marrow nucleated cell counts and AgNOR content was decreased progressively.The Bax protein was positively or strongly positively expressed in the cytoplasm of the hematopoietic cells and the Bax protein content was increased progressively at 6 h,1 d,3 d after irradiation.In the irradiation group,the rates of apoptosis and necrosis in the mice hematopoietic cells were greatly increased and that of necrosis was significant at 6 h after irradiation.In the rhIL-11 + rhG-CSF group,the counts of bone marrow nucleated cell and AgNOR were increased and the Bax protein content was decreased at 3 d after irradiation,while in the rhIL-11 group,the indexes mentioned above were not obviously different compared with those of the irradiation group.Conclusions The mice bone marrow hematopoietic function is seriously damaged by 3.0 Gy neutron irradiation,rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF could improve the mice hernatopoietic function after neutron irradiation,and combination of them is more effective to stimulate the hematopoitic function than either of them alone.

The electroporation effects of high power pulse microwave and electromagnetic pulse irradiation on the membranes of cardiomyocyte cells and the mechanism therein involved / 生物医学工程学杂志

Though there is ongoing public concern on potential hazards and risk of electromagnetic radiation, the bioeffects mechanism of electromagnetic fields remains obscure. Heart is one of the organs susceptive to electromagnetic fields (EMF). This study was designed to assess the influence of high power pulse microwave and electromagnetic pulse irradiation on cardiomyocytes, to explore the critical mechanism of electromagnetic fields, and to explain the regular course of injury caused by exposure to pulse EMF. Cultured cardiomyocytes were irradiated by high power pulse microwave and electromagnetic pulse first, then a series of apparatus including atom force microscope, laser scanning confocal microscope and flow cytometer were used to examine the changes of cell membrane conformation, structure and function. After irradiation, the cardiomyocytes pulsated slower or stop, the cells conformation was abnormal, the cells viability declined, and the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis increased significantly (P< 0.01). The cell membrane had pores unequal in size, and lost its penetration character. The concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+ and P3+ in cell culture medium increased significantly (P< 0.01). and the concentration of Ca2+ in cells ([Ca2+]i) decreased significantly (P<0.01). The results indicated that cardiomyocytes are susceptible to non-ionizing radiation. Pulse electromagnetic field can induce cardiomyocytes electroporation, and can do great damage to cells conformation, structure and function. Electroporation is one of the most critical mechanisms to explain the athermal effects of electromagnetic radiation.

Changes of ND1, ND2 and mtTFA gene expressions in myocardial cells and intestinal epithelial cells of rats after hemorrhagic shock / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To explore the transcription pattern of ND1, ND2 and mtTFA gene in the myocardial cells and intestinal epithelial cells of rats after hemorrhagic shock. Methods Total RNA of myocardial cells and intestinal epithelial cells in rats were extracted after hemorrhagic shock. ND1, ND2, and mtTFA gene transcription levels were measured by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results During the period from 1 to 2 h after hemorrhagic shock, the ND1 gene transcription levels in myocardial cells in the hemorrhagic shock groups were higher than that in the normal control group, but the levels in intestinal epithelial cells were lower than that in the normal control group. The pattern for the changes of ND2 gene transcription in myocardial cells and intestinal epithelial cells was basically similar. Conclusion There might exist certain tissue differences in the changes of ND1 gene transcripts in myocardial cells and intestinal epithelial cells of rats with hypoxic and ischemic damage.

Functional and morphological changes in mouse hematopoietic system after exposure to ?-ray irradiation combined with microwave / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the patterns and features of biological effects of ?-ray irradiation combined with microwave on the mouse hematopoietic system, and to provide theoretical and experimental basis for understanding the possible mechanism of the bone marrow injury caused by the combined action of microwave and ?-ray irradiation. Methods 216 healthy KM mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: normal control, microwave (S frequency range, 50mW/cm~2), ?-ray irradiation (5.5Gy), microwave combined ?-ray radiation (5.5Gy + 50mW/cm~2). They were sacrificed at 6h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90 and 180 days after radiation, respectively, then the histological and ultrastructural changes in the bone marrow and the peripheral hemogram were observed. Results Histopathological changes: the bone marrow appeared to be obviously injured either by radiation or microwave exposure, characterized by undergoing four phases, namely apoptosis-necrosis, void, regeneration and recovery phase. However, the pathological changes were more obvious and the recovery was slower in microwave combined ?-ray radiation group. Peripheral hemogram: the numbers of leucocytes, erythrocytes and platelets, and the content of hemoglobin decreased in both ?-ray irradiation group and microwave combined ?-ray radiation group, and the decrease in microwave combined radiation group was more remarkable. Ultrastructure: the bone marrow hematopoietic cells underwent obvious degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis in microwave combined ?-ray radiation group especially at 6 hours after radiation. Conclusion ?-ray combined with microwave could induce hematopoietic dysfunction and pathomorphological changes in hematopoietic organ, which were mainly caused by ?-ray, and the changes were aggravated.

Synergistic damage of burns combined with endotoxemia on the intestinal mucosa / 重庆医学

Objective　An animal model in which rats were subjected to 20% TBSA Ⅲ degree burns combined with injection of LPS(1mg/kg B.M.)was used for this experiment.Dynamic changes of platelet-activating factor(PAF),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),xanthine oxidase(XO) and melondialdehyde(MDA) in the intestinal tissue were measured to investigate mechanism and characteristics of the intestinal mucosal damage. The results showed a series of early pathogenic changes in the intestinl mucosa were founded,level of intestinal tissue PAF, XO and MDA level in BCEG was higher than that of any other groups at most times, XO and MDA was more positively correlated with PAF respecively after burns combined with endotoxin injection (P<0.005,P<0.001)，during the peak phase of PAF, intestinal mucosal damage was more evident. It suggests there is synergistic effect on the early intestinal mucosal damage due to activation of mucosal cells,release of PAF and TNF, activation of intestinal epithelial XO, production of free radicals and strengthenment of lipoperoxidation after burns combined with endotoxemia

EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE IRRADIATION ON PREGNANCY AND OFFSPRING / 解放军医学杂志

Female Kunming mice (6-8 weeks old) were exposed to total body irradiation by of 6?10 4V/m EMP(electromagnetic pulse, EMP) for five times in 6-8th day of gestation(post pregnant irradiation), or became pregnant within 14 days (early conception after irradiation), or 14-28 days (late conception after irradiation) after irradiation. Pregnant mice were killed at 18th day. Teratological markers were analysed to evaluate the effect of EMP irradiation on pregnancy and offspring. The results showed that EMP irradiation caused no significant changes in maternal body weight gains, most of organ weight and organ/body weight ratio. But it caused significant shortening of tail length of live foetus. The offspring sex ratio was decreased after post pregnant irradiation and early conception after irradiation. Body weight was decreased in the early and late conception after irradiation. EMP irradiation also resulted in a significant increase in fetal death rate and embryo absorption rate compared with control group, especially in the late conception group, which was increased 5 2 and 3 8 times respectively. The results suggested that EMP irradiation exerted certain effects on pregnancy and offspring development in both pre pregnant and post pregnant female mice.